| |||||||||||
![]() |
|
SPECIAL COVERAGE
regionstopic pagesgenresactionsall action pages >> resourcesglobal imc
|
newswire archive
Cascadian Currency? Willamette Valleys Allready Got It.
Its called the Hour and the folks who use it formed a group called the Hour Exchange
![]()
In Jackson Mississippi the last abortion clinic in the state is being hounded by religious right and overtly racist groups to no avail. The clinic remains open and women are still recieving abortions.
A determined effort is under way in numerous states across the US to further restrict ballot access and voting rights. Despite the theft of the 2000 presidential election by George W. Bush and his installation in the White House by the US Supreme Court, and allegations of voter disenfranchisement in Ohio and other states during the 2004 election, there has been no effort made to defend voters' rights.
On the contrary, moves are afoot in a number of states to further restrict the constitutionally protected right to vote. This assault has taken two major forms. First, state governments are passing laws requiring individuals to present additional identification when they vote. Second, a number of state governments are enacting legislation placing strict limits on voter registration drives.
I. Call to action and details for August 14-17 2006
II. Background on Herman Wallace's hearing III. Background on the cases of the Angola 3
Two actions for impeachment of Bush & Cheney in PDX Wednesday are another speaker before the City Council in the morning and a national teach-in at the lst Unitarian church
Tuesday, the House of Representatives will vote on the Federal Marriage Amendment to ban marriage between same sex couples and write discrimination into the Constitution. Help us fight back -- tell your Representative to vote no today.
Or how to keep hamsters trapped in cages spinning wheels for ruthless pricks...a primer on liberalism
As missles fly and bombs fall in the middle east, much of the mass media coverage centers around the impact on israel with the plight of the Lebananese people taking a back seat. Despite the propaganda being spread, it is not Hezbollah being punished be israel's missles; it is the children, the tourists, the workers, and their families. Below is a recent email that I received after inquiring about a friend's family. A wife and children had been visiting relatives in Beirut and have since been held captive by israel's bombardment of the country. Our country has thus-far failed to help them. The U.S. response: go home, stay put, pray for a phone call.
The letter below is included unedited to convey the dismay of the writer. The writer's name has been removed for safety reasons.
In 2003 and beyond, the focus of activists on OHSU's primate lab lead to a lot of talk about state level open records requests for more information on the lab. It is not clear that any information was ever derived from this...does anyone know of information successfully gathered from the lab?
This is not a smart guy, or even a dummy fronting for a bunch of smart guys. This is an idiot who is listening to a bunch of idiots.
Summary of the KBOO am news for Monday, July 17th, 2006
![]() ![]() According to 33rd degree Mason, Albert Pike, head of the Scottish Rite for decades (and connected with the founding of the KKK as well as a Confederate army officer--the only Confederate officer with a Civil War statue in downtown Washington D.C.), you are just playing as pawns in their game if you fall for this transparent attempt to create an artificial war between the religions. Pike had three world wars planned out by the late 1800s. They have happened like clockwork on that plan since. Particularly note Pike's purpose of the third world war, which does seem to be maneuvered into position thanks to the U.S. and Israeli warmongering. On the Jewish/Christian side, Pike noted that those really in command would be those out to destroy and discredit all three religions by infiltration of the leadership and by artificially generating mutual self-destructive wars. Avoid your hatred, and guard yourself: your emotions are being manipulated in a rigged game. A discussion of this rigged European chess game, with your body and mind as a pawn, follows.
Israel is using US weapons to kill civilians, and Bush is condoning that. We need an action against this IMMEDIATELY. It needs to be loud and forceful. When the President is out of control, it's up to the people and the congress to rein him in. Bush's comments about Israel do not accurately reflect the opinion of even moderate Repuglicans.
Captain May, Ghost Troop cyber infowar commander, uses his training in military intelligence and languages (Latin, Greek, Russian and Spanish) to cryptanalysis (code-break) present day false flag operations by our government.
The great historical crisis of the 1860s produced Abraham Lincoln; the "Great Depression" of the 1930s produced Franklin Delano Roosevelt. We can only hope the political system of the US will produce similar leading figures.
Elisha Shapiro's platform consists of free college education for everyone, secession from the union and marriage for gays only
"This is World War III," Gingrich said.
Egg on the Mercury's Face:
The chickens have come home to roost OR little fox news gets caught in the hen house ---------------------------------------------------- Which came first the chicken or the egg? Well the egg came first on the Mercury's face, followed shortly by the chickens coming home to roost. Of course, I'm speaking in response to the Letters (Not) to the Editor in the latest evacuation of that poo-poo tunnel called the Portland Mercury. I'm guessing this is the kind of language that their readers are familiar with and can best understand. Now let's get down to poultry.
![]()
this is a repost from commondreams. I've thought much about the legacy my parents generation has left us, ranted one father's day. What upsets me most... not their affection for trinkets and "wealth" because they worked their 40 hours to get it... but the hands and the hold they have allowed the game to fall into. There was no "system" in 1850. This was designed.
PCASC/CBLOC Update
1) **Video Game Simulates Invasion of Venezuela** 2) **Take Action to Support Democracy in Mexico**
Following the latest unprovoked attacks on Lebanon by Israel, it is clear that the Zionist apartheid regime of Israel needs to be dismantled ASAP>>
Breaking news about the plane crash
Iran's defenses are capable of decimating US forces in the Persian Gulf. The present administration is willing to sacrifice these troops to start World War Three.
You don't hear this mentioned. Why not. Doesn't Bechtel have it's claws into Portland?
![]() ========================================================================= Register here: ![]() Deadline is approaching (August 4, 2006), don't miss it!! Hola Companeros y Companeras! Greetings from Prometheus Radio Project! We're gearing up for our tenth radio station barnraising in Woodburn, Oregon August 18-20, 2006 with the dynamic organization, PCUN -- Pineros y Campesinos Unidos del Noroeste (United Treeplanters and Farmworkers of the Northwest).
![]() lackeys. (of course, their opening statement below refers to one of the results being: "a less effective war on terror" so there's really nothing new here at all... I mean, when has the "war on terror" EVER BEEN "effective"??!??!???)
Peoples is a creation of community love. It is having growing pains and needs the community that helped build, nurture and support it to come together.
This is a CALL-OUT to get involved, objectively view the actions of the current Board of Directors and ask those that may be willing to run for the Board to do so.
![]()
For Immediate Release July 13, 2006
San Francisco video journalist Josh Wolf is being charged with civil contempt for exercising his first amendment right and refusing to provide a federal grand jury with video footage he shot at a protest last summer. The Guild believes that the grand jury is being improperly used to obtain materials which would normally be protected under California's Reporter Shield Law. The civil contempt hearing is scheduled for July 20th at 1 p.m. before Judge William Alsup and the National Lawyers Guild (NLG) will host a press conference at noon in front of the Federal Building—450 Golden Gate in San Francisco on that day.
Join us to bring impeachment message to the public.
On July 11, eight bombs exploded aboard commuter trains in Mumbai, killing 190 people. No group has come forward claiming responsibility. But according to mainstream coverage, such as July 12th's report in the San Francisco Chronicle by Anna Badkhen, the prime suspects are "militant Islamic groups with ties to Pakistan."
What the mainstream press fails to report is the direct connection between the terrorist groups they name, and Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) -- a virtual branch of the American CIA. This in turn leads back to the same (alleged "al-Qaeda") apparatus also responsible for the Bush administration's 9/11 and other post-9/11 terror events.
Most Lebanese are Christians
![]()
International Action Center statement:
STOP THE U.S.--ISRAELI WAR AGAINST LEBANON AND PALESTINE! July 13, 2006 The blood in Gaza and Lebanon is on George Bush's hands. The bombs, shells and missiles now pounding Lebanese and Palestinian cities and villages, wiping out entire families and leaving hundreds of thousands without power or water, are made in the U.S. So are the planes and cannons that launch them.
![]()
OPP officers raided Grassy Narrows blockade site yesteday arresting Six Nations people who had come to participate in a gathering as guests of the Grassy Narrows community. 5 six nations people were detained, 4 were charged. The OPP are targeting 6 nations people and people of colour.
>> >> Police cruisers also entered the Grassy Narrows reserve without permission, violating the community's sovereignty and legal jursidiction over their reserve lands. Grassy Narrows Band councilors seized an OPP police cruiser over jurisdictional issues and later released it.
Ever since the bloody carnage in Lebanon started, the mainstream media has echoed Israel's self-righteous indignation about how they're merely defending themselves - "Israeli sovereignty was violated" when Hizbullah "kidnapped" their soldiers from "across the border."
What they conveniently reverse is that Hizbullah confronted Israeli troops on the LEBANESE SIDE OF BORDER.
A list of new content that you can stream is available in the text of the article. To get your own show o publish audio content send an e-mail to "pdx-audio(at)lists.resist.ca" with the subject line "RADIO" preferably. Check out the link to the radio page on this article.
Darren Thurston has been moved to Lane County - please write him.
![]()
Israel commits another act of state terrorism using military hardware against civilian targets. Tel Aviv replies to kidnapping with war crimes. Palestinian school destroyed by Israeli armed forces.
No one who works yeast into a lump of dough, kneads that lump of dough forever, but the lump is left to rise in a warm place. With that in mind I thought I would stop spamming, which is kneading the lump, and just let it rise. But before I do I thought it good to clearly explain the right revolutionary strategy as I see it, just in case there is someone who might still be wondering just what should be done.
Behind the rape and murder of an Iraqi girl and her family lies a far larger story of what's happened to women in Iraq since they were 'liberated' by the Bush administration.
A repeat of that Terri Schiavo business from a while back, as once again Washington takes on a great humanitarian cause to save the life of a vegetable.
![]() (Adobe PDF file) Professor Laurence Kotlikoff [for the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis]: "the US government is, indeed, bankrupt, insofar as it will be unable to pay its creditors, who, in this context, are current and future generations to whom it has explicitly or implicitly promised future net payments of various kinds''.
Calling all medical cannabis patients, and anyone who is sick and tired
of medications that make them sick and tired ...
Even Bush is responsive enough to publick opinion not to attack Iran directly like Iraq. Zionists in Israel and in the Bush administration are leading America into war with Iran, Syria. China and Russia will be involved in the opposition of US forces. WWIII is beginning.
where we are going
Spontaneous protests of Israel aggression against Lebanon needed.
Bono Financed Video Game Simulates Invasion of Venezuela, Solidarity
Network Responds/The Mexican Presidential Election: Union and Community Activists Demand a Full Recount
Location of Monday's 4:30 to 6:00 pm impeachment flash mob will be Martin Luther King Boulevard and Lombard.
A list of new content that you can stream is available in the text of the article. To get your own show o publish audio content send an e-mail to "pdx-audio(at)lists.resist.ca" with the subject line "RADIO" preferably. Check out the link to the radio page on this article.
waaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa!
Times of London, correspondent James Hider says "Baghdad is verging on total collapse".
![]() Agence France Presse reports that the Iraqi parliment has declared to extend a 30 day state of emergency. ![]()
Al Gore's documentary on global warming, An Inconvenient Truth, is intended to serve one essential purpose: bolstering the environmental and supposedly liberal credentials of the Democratic Party and the former US vice president himself. Its aim, therefore, is not primarily to treat the very real environmental problems that it in part lays bare, but to create a new mechanism for ensuring that these problems cannot find a serious solution.
From a stylistic or artistic point of view, An Inconvenient Truth is very poor. The backbone of the film consists of a slideshow presented by Gore, the 2000 Democratic Party presidential nominee. The slideshow, staged as though Gore were giving a lecture before what would appear to be a very carefully selected audience, is interspersed with various strained attempts at humor, animated skits, flashbacks of Gore's life and experiences and more detailed descriptions of certain environmental issues.
pages: 1603, 1602, 1601, 1600, 1599, 1598, 1597, 1596, 1595, 1594, 1593, 1592, 1591, 1590, 1589, 1588, 1587, 1586, 1585, 1584, 1583, 1582, 1581, 1580, 1579, 1578, 1577, 1576, 1575, 1574, 1573, 1572, 1571, 1570, 1569, 1568, 1567, 1566, 1565, 1564, 1563, 1562, 1561, 1560, 1559, 1558, 1557, 1556, 1555, 1554, 1553, 1552, 1551, 1550, 1549, 1548, 1547, 1546, 1545, 1544, 1543, 1542, 1541, 1540, 1539, 1538, 1537, 1536, 1535, 1534, 1533, 1532, 1531, 1530, 1529, 1528, 1527, 1526, 1525, 1524, 1523, 1522, 1521, 1520, 1519, 1518, 1517, 1516, 1515, 1514, 1513, 1512, 1511, 1510, 1509, 1508, 1507, 1506, 1505, 1504, 1503, 1502, 1501, 1500, 1499, 1498, 1497, 1496, 1495, 1494, 1493, 1492, 1491, 1490, 1489, 1488, 1487, 1486, 1485, 1484, 1483, 1482, 1481, 1480, 1479, 1478, 1477, 1476, 1475, 1474, 1473, 1472, 1471, 1470, 1469, 1468, 1467, 1466, 1465, 1464, 1463, 1462, 1461, 1460, 1459, 1458, 1457, 1456, 1455, 1454, 1453, 1452, 1451, 1450, 1449, 1448, 1447, 1446, 1445, 1444, 1443, 1442, 1441, 1440, 1439, 1438, 1437, 1436, 1435, 1434, 1433, 1432, 1431, 1430, 1429, 1428, 1427, 1426, 1425, 1424, 1423, 1422, 1421, 1420, 1419, 1418, 1417, 1416, 1415, 1414, 1413, 1412, 1411, 1410, 1409, 1408, 1407, 1406, 1405, 1404, 1403, 1402, 1401, 1400, 1399, 1398, 1397, 1396, 1395, 1394, 1393, 1392, 1391, 1390, 1389, 1388, 1387, 1386, 1385, 1384, 1383, 1382, 1381, 1380, 1379, 1378, 1377, 1376, 1375, 1374, 1373, 1372, 1371, 1370, 1369, 1368, 1367, 1366, 1365, 1364, 1363, 1362, 1361, 1360, 1359, 1358, 1357, 1356, 1355, 1354, 1353, 1352, 1351, 1350, 1349, 1348, 1347, 1346, 1345, 1344, 1343, 1342, 1341, 1340, 1339, 1338, 1337, 1336, 1335, 1334, 1333, 1332, 1331, 1330, 1329, 1328, 1327, 1326, 1325, 1324, 1323, 1322, 1321, 1320, 1319, 1318, 1317, 1316, 1315, 1314, 1313, 1312, 1311, 1310, 1309, 1308, 1307, 1306, 1305, 1304, 1303, 1302, 1301, 1300, 1299, 1298, 1297, 1296, 1295, 1294, 1293, 1292, 1291, 1290, 1289, 1288, 1287, 1286, 1285, 1284, 1283, 1282, 1281, 1280, 1279, 1278, 1277, 1276, 1275, 1274, 1273, 1272, 1271, 1270, 1269, 1268, 1267, 1266, 1265, 1264, 1263, 1262, 1261, 1260, 1259, 1258, 1257, 1256, 1255, 1254, 1253, 1252, 1251, 1250, 1249, 1248, 1247, 1246, 1245, 1244, 1243, 1242, 1241, 1240, 1239, 1238, 1237, 1236, 1235, 1234, 1233, 1232, 1231, 1230, 1229, 1228, 1227, 1226, 1225, 1224, 1223, 1222, 1221, 1220, 1219, 1218, 1217, 1216, 1215, 1214, 1213, 1212, 1211, 1210, 1209, 1208, 1207, 1206, 1205, 1204, 1203, 1202, 1201, 1200, 1199, 1198, 1197, 1196, 1195, 1194, 1193, 1192, 1191, 1190, 1189, 1188, 1187, 1186, 1185, 1184, 1183, 1182, 1181, 1180, 1179, 1178, 1177, 1176, 1175, 1174, 1173, 1172, 1171, 1170, 1169, 1168, 1167, 1166, 1165, 1164, 1163, 1162, 1161, 1160, 1159, 1158, 1157, 1156, 1155, 1154, 1153, 1152, 1151, 1150, 1149, 1148, 1147, 1146, 1145, 1144, 1143, 1142, 1141, 1140, 1139, 1138, 1137, 1136, 1135, 1134, 1133, 1132, 1131, 1130, 1129, 1128, 1127, 1126, 1125, 1124, 1123, 1122, 1121, 1120, 1119, 1118, 1117, 1116, 1115, 1114, 1113, 1112, 1111, 1110, 1109, 1108, 1107, 1106, 1105, 1104, 1103, 1102, 1101, 1100, 1099, 1098, 1097, 1096, 1095, 1094, 1093, 1092, 1091, 1090, 1089, 1088, 1087, 1086, 1085, 1084, 1083, 1082, 1081, 1080, 1079, 1078, 1077, 1076, 1075, 1074, 1073, 1072, 1071, 1070, 1069, 1068, 1067, 1066, 1065, 1064, 1063, 1062, 1061, 1060, 1059, 1058, 1057, 1056, 1055, 1054, 1053, 1052, 1051, 1050, 1049, 1048, 1047, 1046, 1045, 1044, 1043, 1042, 1041, 1040, 1039, 1038, 1037, 1036, 1035, 1034, 1033, 1032, 1031, 1030, 1029, 1028, 1027, 1026, 1025, 1024, 1023, 1022, 1021, 1020, 1019, 1018, 1017, 1016, 1015, 1014, 1013, 1012, 1011, 1010, 1009, 1008, 1007, 1006, 1005, 1004, 1003, 1002, 1001, 1000, 999, 998, 997, 996, 995, 994, 993, 992, 991, 990, 989, 988, 987, 986, 985, 984, 983, 982, 981, 980, 979, 978, 977, 976, 975, 974, 973, 972, 971, 970, 969, 968, 967, 966, 965, 964, 963, 962, 961, 960, 959, 958, 957, 956, 955, 954, 953, 952, 951, 950, 949, 948, 947, 946, 945, 944, 943, 942, 941, 940, 939, 938, 937, 936, 935, 934, 933, 932, 931, 930, 929, 928, 927, 926, 925, 924, 923, 922, 921, 920, 919, 918, 917, 916, 915, 914, 913, 912, 911, 910, 909, 908, 907, 906, 905, 904, 903, 902, 901, 900, 899, 898, 897, 896, 895, 894, 893, 892, 891, 890, 889, 888, 887, 886, 885, 884, 883, 882, 881, 880, 879, 878, 877, 876, 875, 874, 873, 872, 871, 870, 869, 868, 867, 866, 865, 864, 863, 862, 861, 860, 859, 858, 857, 856, 855, 854, 853, 852, 851, 850, 849, 848, 847, 846, 845, 844, 843, 842, 841, 840, 839, 838, 837, 836, 835, 834, 833, 832, 831, 830, 829, 828, 827, 826, 825, 824, 823, 822, 821, 820, 819, 818, 817, 816, 815, 814, 813, 812, 811, 810, 809, 808, 807, 806, 805, 804, 803, 802, 801, 800, 799, 798, 797, 796, 795, 794, 793, 792, 791, 790, 789, 788, 787, 786, 785, 784, 783, 782, 781, 780, 779, 778, 777, 776, 775, 774, 773, 772, 771, 770, 769, 768, 767, 766, 765, 764, 763, 762, 761, 760, 759, 758, 757, 756, 755, 754, 753, 752, 751, 750, 749, 748, 747, 746, 745, 744, 743, 742, 741, 740, 739, 738, 737, 736, 735, 734, 733, 732, 731, 730, 729, 728, 727, 726, 725, 724, 723, 722, 721, 720, 719, 718, 717, 716, 715, 714, 713, 712, 711, 710, 709, 708, 707, 706, 705, 704, 703, 702, 701, 700, 699, 698, 697, 696, 695, 694, 693, 692, 691, 690, 689, 688, 687, 686, 685, 684, 683, 682, 681, 680, 679, 678, 677, 676, 675, 674, 673, 672, 671, 670, 669, 668, 667, 666, 665, 664, 663, 662, 661, 660, 659, 658, 657, 656, 655, 654, 653, 652, 651, 650, 649, 648, 647, 646, 645, 644, 643, 642, 641, 640, 639, 638, 637, 636, 635, 634, 633, 632, 631, 630, 629, 628, 627, 626, 625, 624, 623, 622, 621, 620, 619, 618, 617, 616, 615, 614, 613, 612, 611, 610, 609, 608, 607, 606, 605, 604, 603, 602, 601, 600, 599, 598, 597, 596, 595, 594, 593, 592, 591, 590, 589, 588, 587, 586, 585, 584, 583, 582, 581, 580, 579, 578, 577, 576, 575, 574, 573, 572, 571, 570, 569, 568, 567, 566, 565, 564, 563, 562, 561, 560, 559, 558, 557, 556, 555, 554, 553, 552, 551, 550, 549, 548, 547, 546, 545, 544, 543, 542, 541, 540, 539, 538, 537, 536, 535, 534, 533, 532, 531, 530, 529, 528, 527, 526, 525, 524, 523, 522, 521, 520, 519, 518, 517, 516, 515, 514, 513, 512, 511, 510, 509, 508, 507, 506, 505, 504, 503, 502, 501, 500, 499, 498, 497, 496, 495, 494, 493, 492, 491, 490, 489, 488, 487, 486, 485, 484, 483, 482, 481, 480, 479, 478, 477, 476, 475, 474, 473, 472, 471, 470, 469, 468, 467, 466, 465, 464, 463, 462, 461, 460, 459, 458, 457, 456, 455, 454, 453, 452, 451, 450, 449, 448, 447, 446, 445, 444, 443, 442, 441, 440, 439, 438, 437, 436, 435, 434, 433, 432, 431, 430, 429, 428, 427, 426, 425, 424, 423, 422, 421, 420, 419, 418, 417, 416, 415, 414, 413, 412, 411, 410, 409, 408, 407, 406, 405, 404, 403, 402, 401, 400, 399, 398, 397, 396, 395, 394, 393, 392, 391, 390, 389, 388, 387, 386, 385, 384, 383, 382, 381, 380, 379, 378, 377, 376, 375, 374, 373, 372, 371, 370, 369, 368, 367, 366, 365, 364, 363, 362, 361, 360, 359, 358, 357, 356, 355, 354, 353, 352, 351, 350, 349, 348, 347, 346, 345, 344, 343, 342, 341, 340, 339, 338, 337, 336, 335, 334, 333, 332, 331, 330, 329, 328, 327, 326, 325, 324, 323, 322, 321, 320, 319, 318, 317, 316, 315, 314, 313, 312, 311, 310, 309, 308, 307, 306, 305, 304, 303, 302, 301, 300, 299, 298, 297, 296, 295, 294, 293, 292, 291, 290, 289, 288, 287, 286, 285, 284, 283, 282, 281, 280, 279, 278, 277, 276, 275, 274, 273, 272, 271, 270, 269, 268, 267, 266, 265, 264, 263, 262, 261, 260, 259, 258, 257, 256, 255, 254, 253, 252, 251, 250, 249, 248, 247, 246, 245, 244, 243, 242, 241, 240, 239, 238, 237, 236, 235, 234, 233, 232, 231, 230, 229, 228, 227, 226, 225, 224, 223, 222, 221, 220, 219, 218, 217, 216, 215, 214, 213, 212, 211, 210, 209, 208, 207, 206, 205, 204, 203, 202, 201, 200, 199, 198, 197, 196, 195, 194, 193, 192, 191, 190, 189, 188, 187, 186, 185, 184, 183, 182, 181, 180, 179, 178, 177, 176, 175, 174, 173, 172, 171, 170, 169, 168, 167, 166, 165, 164, 163, 162, 161, 160, 159, 158, 157, 156, 155, 154, 153, 152, 151, 150, 149, 148, 147, 146, 145, 144, 143, 142, 141, 140, 139, 138, 137, 136, 135, 134, 133, 132, 131, 130, 129, 128, 127, 126, 125, 124, 123, 122, 121, 120, 119, 118, 117, 116, 115, 114, 113, 112, 111, 110, 109, 108, 107, 106, 105, 104, 103, 102, 101, 100, 99, 98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 91, 90, 89, 88, 87, 86, 85, 84, 83, 82, 81, 80, 79, 78, 77, 76, 75, 74, 73, 72, 71, 70, 69, 68, 67, 66, 65, 64, 63, 62, 61, 60, 59, 58, 57, 56, 55, 54, 53, 52, 51, 50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, 42, 41, 40, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 |